{"id":136,"date":"2021-01-01T11:00:49","date_gmt":"2021-01-01T11:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/writing993.sweetland.lsa.umich.edu\/?page_id=136"},"modified":"2026-01-07T14:38:57","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T14:38:57","slug":"responding-to-student-writing-part-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/modules\/responding-to-student-writing-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"2. Responding to Student Writing: Working on the Big Picture"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"--col-width:66%;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);flex-basis:66%\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\" open><summary>Getting Started<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As you begin your role as a GSI&nbsp;in an upper-level writing course, many of you will be thrust into responding to student writing before you feel fully prepared to do so.&nbsp; This module is intended to present some essentials of responding to student writing to help guide you.&nbsp; You can begin and complete Module 2 prior to our course and as a way to help prepare yourself for your role as a course assistant.&nbsp; Many of your duties in these roles will vary depending on your position and particular section of ULWR.&nbsp; However, gaining insight into effective ways to respond to student writing will ground your work and help you save time, and most importantly, help our students better learn and grow as upper-level writers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To help you get started, this module will lead you through:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list is-style-tw-dash\">\n<li>readings and resources that introduce you to the basics of responding to student writing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>our recommendations of best practices and time-saving strategies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>examples of comments on student writing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suggestions for using rubrics&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>What Basic Principles Do I Need to Know?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019d like to start this module with two readings. These essays&nbsp;introduce the basic principles of student response that form the foundation of effective writing pedagogy. Take time to read them before moving on to the rest of the module.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reading 1:&nbsp; Gottschalk, Katherine and Keith Hjortshoj. <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/GottschalkHjortshojWhatCanYouDoStudentWriting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cWhat Can You Do with Student Writing?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reading 2:&nbsp; Lunsford, Ronald F.<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/LunsfordWhenLess.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;\u201cWhen Less is More: Principles for Responding in&nbsp;the Disciplines\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>Blog Response 3: Pedagogical Foundations<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Write <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">200 words or more<\/span> in response to the following prompt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote tw-mb-4 is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many GSIs are surprised when first encountering some of composition theory\u2019s general principles for responding to student writing. What strategies in these readings did you find surprising? What thoughts or concerns do you have about responding to student writing?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-tw-dash wp-block-paragraph\">Write a reply to at least <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">one<\/span> other response that fully engages with the issues and questions your peer presents. You might add another perspective, add another question, or contribute additional thoughts to your peer\u2019s response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/blog-comment-3-14\/\">Blog Response: 3<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>I Have a Stack of Essays to Grade\u2014Now What?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following sections lead you through some of the best principles, practices, and time-saving strategies for responding to student writing. Taken together, these strategies are geared toward helping you develop effective commenting practices that encourage your students to produce their best writing, while helping you to work as efficiently as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remember that your goal in responding to student writing is not to show students what they need to do to make their paper perfect. As Edward White explains:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-tw-dash is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If we are wise teachers, we do not allow the student concern for the grade to replace the drive to express oneself and to improve; the assessments are means to an end, not ends in themselves\u2026. The problem is to find ways of assessing student work that are fair, consistent, public, clear, and responsible \u2013 grades that support teaching and learning rather than substitute for them. If we can combine such responsible assessment with useful and supportive responding to student work, our students will learn that essential aspect of all learning:&nbsp;self-assessment. (74)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>How Should I Read Student Writing?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The best place to begin as a grader is, ironically, to forget about grading for a moment. Suspend your judgment, put down your pen, and read first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To promote student writing as an act of communication, and not simply an exercise in meeting instructor expectations, read each essay as a reader first, and as a grader last.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-tw-dash wp-block-paragraph\">Gottschalk &amp; Hjortshoj stress the importance of our first role as readers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIf you remember that students want most of all to know how the paper worked for you as a reader and how it could be improved, your most important task is to convey that message first, even if it is the only thing you have time to say.\u201d (58)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Students value thoughtful feedback that engages them in dialogue with a reader making an effort to understand what they have to say. As Gottschalk and Hjortshoj explain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Students who care at all about their work want indications that their papers have been read, as pieces of communication, by a real human being, who then responds as a reader. How did the paper work? Did you understand what I was trying to say? What do you think of it?&#8221; (53)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>Where Do I Begin?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before you begin plowing through essays, we suggest taking a moment to survey the stack. Skim&nbsp;a few essays to get a general sense of the&nbsp;papers. There are two reasons to devote a little time to this process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As you skim, you can note the range of responses, so that you can focus your assessment of individual essays more precisely. This will help you save time in generating commenting strategies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you notice that there are some common problems, construct a handout addressing them, rather than commenting on them in each individual essay.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>How Do I Respond to Individual Papers?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before starting, consider what types of comments are most effective in soliciting students\u2019 best work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some of the most useful types of comments are:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list is-style-tw-dash\">\n<li>Questions that stimulated further thought, rather than closed-end questions. &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Lunsford-Less-Directive-Response.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Here&#8217;s an example of non-directive use of questions from Lunsford.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brief summaries of what the reader got out of the paper.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Descriptions of difficulties the reader encountered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Even highly critical feedback that was constructive and respectful.&nbsp;(Gottschalk and Hjortshoj 53)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Here are Lunsford\u2019s basic principles for responding to student writing:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Say enough for students to know what you mean<\/strong>. \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lunsford explains, &#8220;It doesn\u2019t do any good, and it can create a great deal of frustration for the student, if he doesn\u2019t really know what to make of the comments on his paper.&#8221;(103)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Don&#8217;t say too much.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lunsford explains, &#8220;Students (and teachers) have a limited amount of time to dedicate to any one paper. There is a point at which overload sets in, and no matter how instructive the comments may be, they do not prove useful to the student.&#8221;(103)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Don&#8217;t spend very much time on matters of correctness.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;Lunsford explains, &#8220;It is all right (even good) if teachers in the disciplines communicate to students that correctness matters\u2014by telling them errors hurt the effectiveness of finished products, suggesting they need help on these matters, and ultimately, counting off if students do not produce edited work. However, teachers in the disciplines should not allow these matters to distract them, or their students, from the role that writing can play in discovering and sharing knowledge in their disciplines.&#8221; (103)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Focus your attention on understanding what students mean to say.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lunsford explains, &#8220;One of your strengths as a teacher in the disciplines is that you are able to understand what the student is saying and let her know when the ideas are good, even if the form and mechanics could be better. Don\u2019t lose that strength\u2026If student writing does not make clear that they know what they are talking about, your comments should invite them to reexamine and rethink what they are saying.&#8221; (103)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gottschalk and Hjortshoj remind us that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u201c&#8230;students&#8217; aims and motives as writers will adapt&nbsp;to your aims and motives as readers of their work&#8230;.&#8221; (54)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They describe an adaptable method, grounded in basic principles and techniques, that can help save time, too. &nbsp;They recommend we:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Give reading essays priority over grading them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respond to the writer as a reader, in comments that emphasize the most important features of the paper.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respond to key issues you have identified and emphasized in advance as important.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid line editing and random reactive comments. (58)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Some kinds of comments are less effective than others. &nbsp;We recommend that you avoid:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Line editing and reactive commenting. Line editing is time-consuming and often ineffective. Have a look at this passage from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Sommers-Confusing-Comments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sommers on how comments can confuse writers<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Undeveloped comments.&nbsp;Writing clear, complete comments will avoid confusion and help your students &#8220;keep the steering wheel in their hands.&#8221; &nbsp;Check out this section from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Lunsford-Undeveloped-Comments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lunsford on the distinction between developed and undeveloped comments.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>How Do I Put It All Together?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Sweetland Center for Writing and CRLT worked together to create the Structured Commenting Protocol, a method that puts the best practices presented in this module into practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>First<\/strong>, follow this link to read our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Structured-Commenting-Protocol-Handout.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Structured Commenting Protocol &#8211; Handout<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-tw-dash wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Then, <\/strong>have a look at this example that uses the structured commenting protocol:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Using-the-Structured-Commenting-Protocol-an-example.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Using the Structured Commenting Protocol<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, explore this link to <a href=\"http:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/sweetland\/instructors\/guides-to-teaching-writing\/giving-feedback-on-student-writing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sweetland&#8217;s resource for teachers on effective commenting on student writing<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s a time-saving tip: If an essay is very confusing, or if the feedback you want to convey is highly complex and difficult or time-consuming to address in your comments, make a general note of the issue, and ask the student to schedule an appointment.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>How Do I Respond to Multilingual Writers?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In your role as a GSI, you will likely be working with multilingual writers &#8212; students who speak and write in more than one language. &nbsp;To get you started, please listen to <a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/angela-berkley-477910423\/multilingual-writers-with-shuwen-li\">the recent episode of the <em>Behind the Scaffolding<\/em> podcast<\/a> by Sweetland and English faculty Angie Berkley and Gina Brandolino.&nbsp; They speak with Shuwen Li, multilingual writing specialist and former Sweetland faculty, who shares insights into working with multilingual writers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also encourage you to read Amy Jo Minett&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Minett.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201c\u2019Earth Aches by Midnight:\u2019 Helping ESL Writers Clarify Their Intended Meaning<\/a>&#8221;&nbsp;which offers an especially useful overview as you consider how you can best work with these writers. &nbsp;While sentence-level issues may seem more apparent and pressing to writing instructors, Minett helps teachers consider multilingual writing more broadly &#8212; taking into account how cultural differences in communication styles and text organization may affect our understanding of a multilingual writer&#8217;s intended meaning (62). She provides strategies at the essay, paragraph, sentence, and word level that will guide and inform you in this work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-tw-dash wp-block-paragraph\">For general considerations, as well several strategies and tips on grading, please read the Sweetland handout for instructors on <a href=\"https:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/sweetland\/instructors\/guides-to-teaching-writing\/providing-feedback-and-grades-to-second-language-students.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/sweetland\/instructors\/guides-to-teaching-writing\/providing-feedback-and-grades-to-second-language-students.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Providing Grades and Feedback on Multilingual Writer&#8217;s Work. <\/a>&nbsp;We will provide continued support for your work with multilingual writers in modules 3 and 4.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>Are There Other Ways to Provide Comments?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tw-mb-4 wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the Structured Commenting Protocol, there are other effective methods for providing comments on your student writing. Sweetland&#8217;s handout&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/content\/dam\/sweetland-assets\/sweetland-documents\/teachingresources\/GivingFeedbackonStudentWriting\/GivingFeedbackonStudentWriting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Giving Feedback On Student Writing<\/a>&nbsp;provides guidance on alternative methods you can use, including endnotes, screencasting, and <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2015\/08\/Sweetland-Feedback-Form.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">feedback forms<\/a>. We encourage you to explore all of these strategies to find the ones that are most effective for you and your students.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>How Do I Use Rubrics?<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many of you use&nbsp;assignments and rubrics that your professor created. Whether or not you write them, assignments and rubrics are useful tools when responding to student writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rubrics aren\u2019t simply for deciding which grade an essay should receive. Returning to your assignment and rubric can clarify which higher order concerns you should attend to when responding to student writing, and how to craft your commenting language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-tw-dash wp-block-paragraph\">Read this essay about how rubrics can inform your pedagogical practice: &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/White.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">White, \u201cIssues in Grading Writing and Using Score Guides\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are some additional resources on how to design and use rubrics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/DesigningUsingRubricsBestPractices.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sweetland, \u201cDesigning and Using Rubrics\u2014Best Practices\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Rezaei-and-Lovorn-Sample-Rubrics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Razaei and Lovorn Sample Rubrics<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Sample-Essay-Grading-Rubric.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sample Essay Grading Rubric<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Sample-Holistic-Rubric.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sample Holistic Rubric<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Sample-Grid-Rubric.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sample Grid Rubric<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Sample-Numeric-Rubric.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sample Numeric Rubric<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, here are two resources on how to creative effective writing assignments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Creating-Clear-Writing-Assignments-.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Creating Clear Writing Assignments<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2014\/08\/Creating-Effective-Assignments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Creating Effective Assignments<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details has-border-color has-subtle-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow tw-has-icon tw-icon-plus\" style=\"border-width:2px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\"><summary>Blog Response&nbsp;4: Strategies for Response<svg class=\"details-plus\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"plus-vertical\" d=\"M11 6h2v12h-2z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11h12v2H6z\"\/><\/svg><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Write <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">200&nbsp;words or more<\/span> in response to the following prompt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote tw-mb-4 is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which strategies in the previous section do you think will be most helpful when responding to student papers in your class? What about those strategies do you think will be most beneficial for your students?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-tw-dash wp-block-paragraph\">Write a reply to at least <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">one<\/span>&nbsp;other response that fully engages with the issues and questions your peer presents. You might add another perspective, add another question, or contribute additional thoughts to your peer\u2019s response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/blog-comment-4-14\/\">Blog Response: 4<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"--col-width:33.33%;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modules<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-page-list\"><li class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item\"><a class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/modules\/how-do-we-define-good-writing-toggles\/\">1. An Orientation to the ULWR and Your Role as a GSI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item\"><a class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/modules\/responding-to-student-writing-part-1\/\">2. Responding to Student Writing: Working on the Big Picture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item\"><a class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/modules\/3-responding-to-student-writing-part-2-making-time-working-with-writers-more-effectively\/\">3. Responding to Student Writing: Working in Class<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item\"><a class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/modules\/responding-to-student-writing-part-2\/\">4. Responding to Student Writing:  Working at the Sentence Level<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item\"><a class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/modules\/3-strategies-for-teaching-higher-order-concerns\/\">5. Stages:  Working With Writers at Different Points in the Writing Process<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item\"><a class=\"wp-block-pages-list__item__link\" href=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/modules\/4-academic-integrity-and-plagiarism\/\">6. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image \">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"280\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/179\/2017\/08\/writing993_sidebar_logo.png\" alt=\"sweetland logo in maize and blue\" class=\"wp-image-1314\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modules<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4772,"featured_media":0,"parent":2190,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4772"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136"}],"version-history":[{"count":39,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2442,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136\/revisions\/2442"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lsa.umich.edu\/writing993\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}