Social Sciences – Page 16 – UROP Spring Symposium 2021

Social Sciences

Exploring Leader Information Sharing and Withholding in the Workplace

Aileen Ji Pronouns: she/her Research Mentor(s): Elizabeth Trinh, PhD Student Research Mentor School/College/Department: Management and Organizations, Ross School of Business Presentation Date: Thursday, April 22, 2021 Session: Session 4 (2pm-2:50pm) Breakout Room: Room 15 Presenter: 2 Event Link Abstract For privacy concerns this abstract cannot be published at this time. Authors: Aileen Ji, Elizabeth Trinh […]

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Undergraduate Mathematics Instruction for Indigenous Students

The United States has a problem with inequitable education for Indigenous students. Specifically, Indigenous students are underrepresented in STEM fields and do not have college graduation rates equal to other racial and/or ethnic groups. To address this, the first step of this study involved building a database of Indigenous Serving post-secondary institutions in the United States, defined as institutions with levels at or above 10% Indigenous undergraduate enrollment. This database yielded over 50 institutions that will be used to reach out to faculty to participate in a survey to understand what these instructors would like to learn more about in terms of teaching mathematics to Indigenous students. This information will then be used to create a professional development program and materials for mathematics instructors at Indigenous Serving Institutions with the ultimate goal of improving mathematics education for Indigenous students.

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Study of Pandemic Publishing: How Scholarly Literature is Affected by COVID-19 Pandemic

Borui Zhang Pronouns: He/Him/His Research Mentor(s): Yulia Sevryugina, Chemistry Librarian/ Senior Associate Librarian Research Mentor School/College/Department: Library, Presentation Date: Thursday, April 22, 2021 Session: Session 4 (2pm-2:50pm) Breakout Room: Room 15 Presenter: 6 Event Link Abstract For privacy concerns this abstract cannot be published at this time. Authors: Borui Zhang Research Method: Library/Archival/Internet Research

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How does ERI resolution impact depressive symptoms within adolescent Latinos, Asian Americans, and African Americans?

Adolescents go through a lot of change throughout their youth including an increased understanding of themselves. Within these increased understandings, adolescents are capable of resolving what ethnic-racial identity means to them. Considering this how would have a stronger resolution of ethnic-racial identity impact depressive symptoms shown in adolescent minorities? To answer this question we surveyed adolescents from Latino, Asian American, and African Americans.

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Online Homophobic and Racial Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health among Young Sexual Minority Men: Preliminary Evidence

Background Much research documents the deleterious impact of discrimination on health outcomes of minority populations. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that experiences of discrimination can lead to physiological dysregulation which, in turn, can lead to poor cardiovascular health outcomes among racial/ethnic minorities. However, experiences in online environments (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) have been underexplored in the research literature despite the fact that they are pervasive among young adults. In particular, young sexual minorities may experience discrimination online due to their racial/ethnic identity and/or sexual minority identity. This, in turn, may impact processes of mental and physiological health among this population. The current study seeks to bridge the gap in the literature by exploring the association between experiences of homophobic and racial discrimination online and cardiovascular health among a sample of young sexual minority men (YSMM).

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Online Homophobic and Racial Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health among Young Sexual Minority Men: Preliminary Evidence

Background Much research documents the deleterious impact of discrimination on health outcomes of minority populations. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that experiences of discrimination can lead to physiological dysregulation which, in turn, can lead to poor cardiovascular health outcomes among racial/ethnic minorities. However, experiences in online environments (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) have been underexplored in the research literature despite the fact that they are pervasive among young adults. In particular, young sexual minorities may experience discrimination online due to their racial/ethnic identity and/or sexual minority identity. This, in turn, may impact processes of mental and physiological health among this population. The current study seeks to bridge the gap in the literature by exploring the association between experiences of homophobic and racial discrimination online and cardiovascular health among a sample of young sexual minority men (YSMM).

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Cultural Protective Factors for Latinx Communities amidst the Coronavirus Pandemic

During hardships, individuals develop distinct ways of coping and working towards helping their case. While it may not be commonly thought of as a coping mechanism, members of the Latinx community use their cultural teachings and customs to protect themselves during crises and hardships. The study being conducted investigates protective factors influenced by Latinx culture such as familism, where the needs of the family are more important and take precedence over the needs of any individual family member, and multigenerational living, when a household contains different generations living under one roof. As a qualitative research, we will conduct interviews of immigrants, first, second, and/or third-generation Latinx Michigan residents ages 18-30 who are either parents or non-parents. We will ask questions about their lives and experiences before and after the current pandemic. After the interviews, with coding and transcribing, we will analyze their responses to look at the common themes that describe how individuals survive in times of need. We expect to be able to demonstrate the influence of familism and multigenerational living on the Latinx culture and how a community protects itself.

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Using Google Earth to assess neighborhood physical and social disorder and how it affects stroke incidence

The purpose of this study is to investigate how microscale features of built and social environments (BSEs) indicating physical and social disorder contribute to increased risk of stroke. The extent of neighborhood physical and social disorder is expected to have a positive correlation with increased risk of stroke, assuming that these features indicate less safety and less social cohesion in a neighborhood. If participants perceive that a neighborhood is an unsafe place to exercise outside, there will be lower levels of physical activity, contributing to higher risk of stroke. This study utilized participant data collected from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort, a national sample of adults over the age of 45 including oversamples of African American participants and participants living in the stroke belt. Using Google Earth and a subsample of participants (n=1,200), the physical and social disorder surrounding each participant’s home was characterized based on a series of metrics. The results of each environmental audit were then compared using chi-square tests to determine if a statistically significant relationship between stroke risk and each feature exists. Sixty-two percent of the participants in the case cohort sample had a prior stroke. Over two-thirds of participants’ neighborhoods had no abandoned buildings, graffiti, buildings with broken/boarded windows, or extensive disorder, and less than half had unmaintained fields/lots. None of the tests of association between stroke and measures of disorder were significant.

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Using Google Earth to assess neighborhood features and how they affect stroke

Relevance: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the US, and the impact of this risk is extensive, especially among Black Americans living in the southern United States. This study investigates the impact that built and social environments (BSE) can have on individuals’ health, specifically stroke risk, focusing on two features in the built environment, sidewalks and pedestrian street lights, that may influence activity levels, which can in turn affect stroke risk. Methods: Researchers obtained key measures from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study and expanded the data to measure the BSEs of the study participants. 30,239 participants throughout the United States were sampled. This study took advantage of the free Google Earth geobrowser to analyze the built and social environments of a sample of participants’ neighborhoods. Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between presence of sidewalks, street lights and stroke risk in a sample of about 1200 participants. Results: In this case cohort sample, sixty-two percent of the study participants had a prior stroke. Fewer than half of the participants’ streets (44%) had sidewalks or pedestrian street lights (32%). The chi-squared tests showed no significant associations between stroke risk and presence of sidewalks or pedestrian street lights. Conclusion: The study’s goal of discerning the “unexplained variability” present in stroke risk, specifically between African American and White individuals, has not yet been achieved. Future research should continue to gather more data to evaluate the relationship between BSEs and stroke risk.

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Using Google Earth to assess neighborhood features and how they affect blood pressure

Relevance: Research suggests that the built environment (e.g. buildings, streets, parks) of one’s neighborhood may affect one’s behavior and health. Since stroke is one of the leading causes of death, this study focused on identifying specific factors in the built environment that may influence blood pressure (BP) which can then affect stroke risk. Methods: Participants were drawn from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Through the use of aerial and street view on Google Earth, we assessed both the presence and quality of the different types of neighborhood built environments for a sample of the study participants. Measures of the built environment including street characteristics, disorder, and presence of bike lanes were investigated for an association with systolic and diastolic BP in regression models. Results: Systolic BP averaged 130.6 (SD 17.5) and diastolic BP averaged 77.1 (SD 9.8) in the sample of 1196 adults included in the analysis. Two-way streets in the participant’s neighborhood, as compared to one-way streets, were associated with higher diastolic BP (coef. 3.4, p=0.42). None of the other associations between the built environment (street characteristics, disorder, and presence of bike lanes) and BP were significant. Conclusion: This study highlights how built environment features can influence one’s health and therefore can show where resources need to be directed to improve the health of individuals and communities. More specifically, average diastolic BP was lower for participants living on one-way streets compared to two-way streets, suggesting street volume may influence blood pressure.

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