Session 22|The Mamluks
#87-90
#87 (Introduction)
The Mamluks, Arabic for “owned,” were originally slave warriors under the Ayyubids [E. Hallam (ed.), Chronicles of the Crusades, London 1989, p. 310]. They founded a kingdom that lasted approximately 250 years (1250-1517 CE) and brought about the final chapter in the history of the Crusades (see Map). Much is known about this era through historical accounts, diplomatic documents, and archaeological remains. Each of these types of primary sources will be covered in the readings below.
#88 (Gilbert of Lannoy)
The following description about the nature of Mamluk power was written by a European nobleman by the name of Gilbert of Lannoy. He was sent to assess the situation in the Middle East around 1421 CE by the French and English monarchs and the duke of Burgandy (cf. attached bibliography).
#89 (Mamluk-Crusader Treaty)
Treaties characterized the relationship between the Crusaders and the Mamluks in the initial years of Mamluk rule. The treaty provided here is from the late 13th century CE. Attached to it are the oaths taken by the respective partners in the truce.
Question
Rank the top five advantages (from greatest to least) of the treaty for each side. Since the Mamluks were the stronger power, what seems to be their primary objective in creating this treaty? Support your answer from the text. Regarding the breaking of the oaths, upon whom is the greatest penalty placed? Explain the reasons for your deduction.
#90 (Andrew Petersen)
In order to better comprehend the cultural make-up of Palestine in the Mamluk period, it will be beneficial to become aware of the main elements of Mamluk architecture. The following reading will facilitate this objective.