Syed Mustafa Pronouns: He/Him Research Mentor(s): Mehboob Hussain, Professor Research Mentor School/College/Department: Internal Medicine, Metabolism, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Michigan Medicine Presentation Date: Thursday, April 22, 2021 Session: Session 5 (3pm-3:50pm) Breakout Room: Room 12 Presenter: 2 Event Link Abstract Authors: Syed Mustafa Research Method: Laboratory Research with Animals
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is among the top reasons for deaths in Asian-Americans (AA). Although AA consists of people from more than 20 countries, existing T2D research often masks the differences. According to the Office of Minority Health (2019), about 11.5% of AA adults have T2D, compared to 8% of White Americans. The data also suggests that the rate of T2D in AA adults increased from 8.7% in 2017 to 11.5% in 2018. As Asian-Americans face challenges in healthcare, including linguistic, cultural, and literacy barriers, it is essential to research existing diabetes self-management programs (DSMPs), as many studies aggregate Asian Americans as a monolith group and disregard Asian-American subgroups’ heterogeneity. A scoping review is vital to establish foundational knowledge for DSMPs focused on AA. This scoping review defines DSMPs as managing an individual’s condition through self-care, problem-solving & decision making, resource utilization, and symptom, family, medical, or emotional management. We searched six different databases for relevant articles with no date range. The initial citation lists from all databases by keyword search yielded 2581 results. After screening for titles and abstracts, 311 articles were included in the full-text screening. Articles were excluded if they were non-primary research studies, did not focus on T2D or AA adults, and did not include DSMPs. After screening the full-text articles, 31 articles were included in the final analysis. DistillerSR was used to screen and extract data, including method, intervention duration, participant setting and demographics, theoretical framework, number and details of DSMP intervention groups, and results. We hypothesized that there is a higher need to focus on minority subgroup research. There is a need to tailor DSMPs to address the barriers that AA face in healthcare so that distinct cultural, linguistic, ethnic needs and preferences are met. Improved understanding of existing research may enhance future development of DSMPs for Asian-Americans and its subgroups.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is among the top reasons for deaths in Asian-Americans (AA). Although AA consists of people from more than 20 countries, existing T2D research often masks the differences. According to the Office of Minority Health (2019), about 11.5% of AA adults have T2D, compared to 8% of White Americans. The data also suggests that the rate of T2D in AA adults increased from 8.7% in 2017 to 11.5% in 2018. As Asian-Americans face challenges in healthcare, including linguistic, cultural, and literacy barriers, it is essential to research existing diabetes self-management programs (DSMPs), as many studies aggregate Asian Americans as a monolith group and disregard Asian-American subgroups’ heterogeneity. A scoping review is vital to establish foundational knowledge for DSMPs focused on AA. This scoping review defines DSMPs as managing an individual’s condition through self-care, problem-solving & decision making, resource utilization, and symptom, family, medical, or emotional management. We searched six different databases for relevant articles with no date range. The initial citation lists from all databases by keyword search yielded 2581 results. After screening for titles and abstracts, 311 articles were included in the full-text screening. Articles were excluded if they were non-primary research studies, did not focus on T2D or AA adults, and did not include DSMPs. After screening the full-text articles, 31 articles were included in the final analysis. DistillerSR was used to screen and extract data, including method, intervention duration, participant setting and demographics, theoretical framework, number and details of DSMP intervention groups, and results. We hypothesized that there is a higher need to focus on minority subgroup research. There is a need to tailor DSMPs to address the barriers that AA face in healthcare so that distinct cultural, linguistic, ethnic needs and preferences are met. Improved understanding of existing research may enhance future development of DSMPs for Asian-Americans and its subgroups.
In this lab, we are conducting experiments to seek a better understanding about the correlation between behavior and the brain structure. More specifically, we are using fear conditioning and analyzing certain areas of the brain to see this correlation. This study is able to give insight by using infant rats and looking into how the brain network works when they are encountered by a “threatening stimuli.” Through the process of immunohistochemistry, we are able to examine slices of the brain and use specific proteins to highlight neurons that are associated with the behavior that occurs during the fear learning process. The desired section of the brain that is known to be associated with learning is called the amygdala, which is heavily analyzed in our study. This is important for us to understand how fear impacts our brain networks and can possibly reveal limitations that can be further explored (White).
Brain Networks for Fear Learning in Infant Rats Read More »
In this lab, we are conducting experiments to seek a better understanding about the correlation between behavior and the brain structure. More specifically, we are using fear conditioning and analyzing certain areas of the brain to see this correlation. This study is able to give insight by using infant rats and looking into how the brain network works when they are encountered by a “threatening stimuli.” Through the process of immunohistochemistry, we are able to examine slices of the brain and use specific proteins to highlight neurons that are associated with the behavior that occurs during the fear learning process. The desired section of the brain that is known to be associated with learning is called the amygdala, which is heavily analyzed in our study. This is important for us to understand how fear impacts our brain networks and can possibly reveal limitations that can be further explored (White).
Brain Networks for Fear Learning in Infant Rats Read More »
Ashley Brown Pronouns: she/her/hers Research Mentor(s): Yannis Paulus, Assistant Professor, Tenure Track Research Mentor School/College/Department: Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine Presentation Date: Thursday, April 22, 2021 Session: Session 5 (3pm-3:50pm) Breakout Room: Room 12 Presenter: 5 Event Link Abstract For privacy concerns this abstract cannot be published at this time. Authors: Ashley Brown, Emilie
Multimodal Retinal Imaging of Usher Syndrome Animal Model of Photoreceptor Degeneration Read More »
Emilie Gilligan Pronouns: she/her Research Mentor(s): Yannis Paulus, Assistant Professor, Tenure Track Research Mentor School/College/Department: Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine Presentation Date: Thursday, April 22, 2021 Session: Session 5 (3pm-3:50pm) Breakout Room: Room 12 Presenter: 5 Event Link Abstract For privacy concerns this abstract cannot be published at this time. Authors: Emilie Gilligan, Ashley
Multimodal Retinal Imaging of Usher Syndrome Animal Model of Photoreceptor Degeneration Read More »
The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) is an ongoing national study of the elderly population in the U.S. and is focused on vision impairment (VI) and blindness disability and allows researchers to study the variety of the key disadvantageous consequences linked with VI in older adults. This assessment of VI through NHATS to done through a series of survey questions that require binary responses and past studies to construct a binary indicator of VI an approach that may restrict the precision of the data measurements. To address this, a 6-level measurement of VI was created to validate each of the vision-related questions in the survey. It is expected that there will be a more rapid deterioration experience in the vision of older adults leading to a decline in function and wellbeing when contrasted to those with healthier vision. This study examines the association of vision with changes in injury and wellbeing directions in the elderly. The hypothesis is that a higher level of VI will be strongly connected with declining disability and wellbeing trajectories. Further, we anticipate that the impact of VI on disability and wellbeing will be greater among minority groups such as Black and Hispanic subjects compared to White participants. The results of this study will inform future targeted interventional research to optimize health, wellbeing, and independence for the growing number of older adults with VI.
THE ASSOCIATION OF VISION, DISABILITY, AND WELLBEING TRAJECTORIES IN OLDER US ADULTS Read More »
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) results from events that are especially frightening, horrible, or traumatic, and is accompanied by symptoms of intrusive thoughts, avoidance, hyperarousal, and guilt. While PTSD is often associated with combat veterans, it can affect anyone who has experienced a traumatic event. Our project, Neural Mechanisms of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), is looking to utilize mindfulness as a treatment for PTSD and to investigate the neural mechanisms behind symptom improvement. Mindfulness-based therapies have already proven to be effective in treating psychiatric conditions and increased connectivity between the central executive network and default mode network based on previous studies with combat-related PTSD depression, and nonclinical populations. We now want to apply these results to people with civilian PTSD.
Whole Health is a care model developed by VA clinics and hospitals in an effort to integrate complementary medicine, prevention, and the uniqueness of each patient to provide healthcare that ultimately focuses on what matters to the patient, rather than what is the matter with them. Such a care model is crucial in the U.S where healthcare often focuses merely on treatment, rather than prevention, and preventable deaths are estimated to make up 20-40% of total deaths caused by the top five causes of mortality. This study aims to expand on the current body of research that evaluates the efficacy of Whole Health, by garnering feedback about various aspects of health and how the program has come about addressing them. The research is conducted through a questionnaire created on the Qualtrics platform, which will be electronically and potentially physically distributed to veterans, caregivers, and staff. Data from the questionnaire will be inputted into an Excel spreadsheet to be later processed and analyzed using SPSS, a quantitative and qualitative statistical analysis software. Previous studies on Whole Health have indicated an improvement in social engagement, physical wellbeing, and perceived stress for patients enrolled in the program. So while results are currently pending, we expect our data to also suggest Whole Health’s adequate provision of care at least within the aspects of wellbeing mentioned above. Analysis of pending results will provide valuable insight for evaluating and potentially informing future changes to the program to better reflect its mission.
Whole Health Evaluation for Veterans and VA Staff Read More »
