Nabiha Begum
Research Mentor: Mark Moldwin
Mentor Department: Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Engineering
Author(s): Mark Moldwin, Lauro Ojeda
Session: Session 1 (9:00 AM – 9:50 AM)
Presentation Type: Poster 55
Abstract
PNIs are magnetic sensors used in spacecraft to measure magnetic fields. Thermal testing of PNIs is crucial because extreme space temperatures can distort magnetometer readings, known as thermal gain. Additionally, maintaining low magnetic interference during testing is essential to prevent data contamination. This research explores optimal laboratory solutions using thermal plates to simulate the temperature variations experienced in space. Thermal ovens were tested but proved inefficient due to slow temperature changes and magnetic noise from compressors and heaters. In contrast, thermal plates are compact and offer better control of magnetometers over a wide temperature range. This study evaluated potential thermal plate options, from liquid nitrogen (LN2) to Peltier-based systems, emphasizing non-ferromagnetic properties to minimize magnetic noise. Peltier plates were examined for the relationship between voltage and temperature change, to achieve subfreezing temperatures while producing repeatable space-like temperature cycles. Testing began at room temperature in the lab. Findings suggest Peltier-based plates are the most practical alternative to thermal ovens and LN2 systems for laboratory magnetometer testing. Peltier devices can generate sufficient heating and cooling relative to room temperature and can reach below freezing under suitable conditions. Moreover, aluminum is optimal because it is diamagnetic and has good thermal conductivity (about 205 W/mk). Based on these results, Peltier plates eliminate the need for liquid nitrogen, thereby simplifying and enhancing the setup’s safety. Although they consume more energy, they produce very low magnetic noise, making them ideal for PNI testing. Furthermore, these thermal plates should include a gas-tight or purge lid to prevent condensation through vacuum control, as condensation can cause measurement errors during temperature adjustments. Overall, this research guides the selection and design of non-ferromagnetic, commercially available thermal plates for magnetometer testing.
