Patricia Li
Research Mentor: Megan Czerwinski
Mentor Department: University of Michigan School of Nursing, SNRE
Author(s): Megan Czerwinski, Patricia Li, Caroline Beckman, Cassia Rubio-Turtle, Aliyah Evans, Jahari Ukomadu, Alexandra Fischer, Sue Anne Bell
Session: Session 3 (11:00 AM – 11:50 AM)
Presentation Type:
Abstract
Background: Wildfires are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. Smoke produced from these fires is an increasingly prevalent public health threat in communities near to and far from burn zones. Wildfire smoke contains fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation and exacerbating respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological conditions. PM2.5 exposure from wildfire smoke globally is associated with over 650,000 premature deaths annually. Older adults in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are especially vulnerable due to pre-existing medical conditions. However, little is known about SNF preparedness for wildfire smoke events. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess SNF risk perception, preparedness, and protective actions to reduce exposure during wildfire smoke events. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed skilled nursing facility (SNF) administrators via phone in the Northwestern United States, an area with significant recent wildfire smoke exposure. The sample included all 322 SNFs in Oregon and Washington. Facility information was obtained from Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Historical air quality data were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Data monitor closest to each facility. Results: Responses were obtained from n = 60 facilities. Of the responding facilities, 61.7% reported having experienced at least one wildfire smoke event since 2017; however, only 20% of all the facilities have an indoor air quality monitor. All facilities, including those that reported having experienced no wildfire smoke events, experienced an average of 1.9 days annually of PM2.5 at unhealthy air quality index levels. While 85% of SNFs do include wildfire smoke readiness in their emergency preparedness plan, the details of the plans are unclear. Conclusion: Study findings suggest there is room for improvement in recognition and protective action responses to smoke events among Northwestern SNFs. Implementing indoor air quality monitors may be an accessible, low-cost strategy to improve awareness and protective action. It is also important that the staff serving to protect this vulnerable population of individuals are valued and have access to the necessary tools and resources to reduce exposure and deliver quality care. Findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, healthcare administrators, and emergency preparedness professionals to support improved care and outcomes for older adults in regions increasingly affected by wildfires.
